The College Board is a membership association in the United States that was formed in 1900 as the College Entrance Examination Board (CEEB). It is composed of more than 5,900 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations. It sells standardized tests used by academically oriented post-secondary education institutions to measure a student's ability. The College Board is headquartered in the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City.[1] Gaston Caperton, former Governor of West Virginia, has been the president of College Board since 1999; he will be replaced in October by David Coleman.[2][3] In addition to managing tests for which it charges fees, the College Board works with programs that claim to increase achievement by poor and minority middle and high school students. Funded by grants from various foundations, such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the College Board Schools operate autonomously within New Yor! k City public school buildings . A similar program named EXCELerator began a pilot program for the 2006–2007 school year at 11 schools in Washington, D.C., Jacksonville/Duval County, FL, and Chicago Public Schools.[4] Both of these school reform programs use the SpringBoard and CollegeEd materials as part of their programs. College Board headquarters in New York City. Contents 1 CEEB Code 2 College Board Tests 2.1 SAT 2.2 PSAT/NMSQT 2.3 Advanced Placement Program 2.4 College Level Examination Program 2.5 Accuplacer 2.6 SpringBoard 3 CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE 4 Criticism 4.1 Exam fees 4.2 MIT study 4.3 Advanced placement (AP) classes 4.4 Reporting errors 4.5 Support for DREAM Act 5 See also 6 References 7 External links [edit] CEEB Code The College Board maintains a numbered registry of countries, college majors, colleges, scholarship programs, test centers, and high schools. In the United States, in addition to the College Board's internal use this registry is! borrowed by other institutions as a means of unambiguous iden! tification; thus, a student might give his or her guidance department not only a college's name and address, but also its CEEB code, to ensure that his or her transcript is sent correctly. There exists a similar set of ACT codes for colleges and scholarships, centers, and high schools, however these codes are less widely used outside ACT, Inc. [edit] College Board Tests [edit] SAT The SAT Reasoning Test is a fee-based, standardized test for college admissions in the United States. The SAT is administered by the College Board corporation in the United States and is developed, published, and scored by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). SAT Subject Tests are said to measure student performance in specific areas, such as mathematics, science, and history. In the marketplace, the SAT competes with another organization's standardized college admission's test called the ACT. The SAT is an aptitude test, meaning that it tests a person's ability to analyze and solve problems. It! focuses on writing, reading, and mathematics. SAT scores range from 600 to 2,400, with each section being worth 800 points. This is a timed test that currently allots three hours and 45 minutes, and it costs about $45. Most students take the test during their junior or senior year of high school. [edit] PSAT/NMSQT PSAT/NMSQT stands for Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test. It's a fee-based standardized test that provides first-hand practice for the SAT Reasoning Test. It also functions as a qualifying test for the National Merit Scholarship Corporation scholarship programs. [edit] Advanced Placement Program The College Board's Advanced Placement Program is an extensive program that offers high school students the chance to participate in what they describe as college level classes for a fee, reportedly broadening their intellectual horizons and preparing them for college work. It also plays a large part in the college admissions process, showing both ! student's intellectual capacity and genuine interest in learning. The p! rogram allows many students to gain college credit for high performance on the AP exams, much in the same manner as the CLEP. Granting credit however, is still at the discretion of the college. Critics of the Advanced Placement Program charge that courses and exams focus on breadth of content coverage instead of depth. There are 2,900 colleges that grant credit and/or advanced standing. [edit] College Level Examination Program College Level Examination Program (CLEP) provides students of any age with the opportunity to demonstrate college-level achievement through a program of exams in undergraduate college courses. [edit] Accuplacer The College Board's Accuplacer test is a computer-based placement test that assesses reading, writing and math skills.[5] The Accuplacer test includes reading comprehension, sentence skills, arithmetic, elementary algebra, college-level mathematics and the writing test, Writeplacer. The Accuplacer test is used primarily by more than 1,000 high ! schools and colleges [6] to determine a student's needed placement. Often community colleges have specific guidelines for students requiring the Accuplacer test.[7] The Accuplacer Companion paper-and-pencil tests allows for students with disabilities to take the test through its braille, large print and audio tests. The biggest benefit of the Accuplacer and Accuplacer Companion tests are its ability to be scored immediately through an online scoring system and taken in remote locations. While there are normally no fees for taking the test, some institutions may charge a fee to retake the test. [edit] SpringBoard Spring Board is a pre-Advanced Placement program created by the College Board to prepare students who intend to take AP courses or college-level courses in their scholastic career. Based on Wiggins and McTighe's Understanding by Design model, the SpringBoard program attempts to map knowledge into scholastic skill sets in preparation for Advanced Placement testing an! d college success. Units of instruction are titrated to students within! and across all school grades, providing a vertically articulated curriculum framework that scaffolds learning skills and subject test knowledge. Implicit in the course curriculum, the program embeds pre-AP and AP teaching and learning strategies across grade school levels and classwork. The curriculum is applicable to grades 6th - 12th. Teachers are provided with formative assessments, professional training, and a variety of teaching tools to track student progress. The instructional framework is integrated in the curriculum content and subject materials - SpringBoard also provides other Web 2.0 resources aimed at making the program more community oriented. [edit] CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE The College Board also offers the CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE, a financial aid application service that many institutions use in determining family contribution and financial assistance packages. This is a fee-based service to institutions and students also must pay a fee to submit it to a! school. [edit] Criticism Since at least the late 1970s, the College Board has been subject to criticism from students, educators, and consumer rights activists. College Board owns the most widely used college admissions exams, and many students must take SAT exams for admission to competitive colleges. Although the ACT is usually accepted as an alternative to the SAT, some colleges require students to take the SAT subject tests. Some colleges also require students submit a College Board "CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE" when applying for financial aid. As there are no broadly accepted alternative to the College Board's AP, SAT Subject Test, and CSS/Financial Aid products, the company is often criticized as exploiting its monopoly on these products. Consumer rights organization Americans for Educational Testing Reform (AETR) has criticized College Board for violating its non-profit status through excessive profits and exorbitant executive compensation; twelve of its executives ma! ke more than $300,000 per year,[8] with CEO Gaston Caperton earning ove! r $800,000.[9] AETR also claims that College Board is acting unethically by selling test preparation materials, directly lobbying legislators and government officials, and refusing to acknowledge test-taker rights.[10] [edit] Exam fees The SAT Reasoning Test costs $49 ($75 if late), the AP Tests cost US $87 (for the May 2011 administration),[11] and the SAT Subject Tests cost a baseline of $21 with additional tests costing $10.[12] Some feel the testing fees can be prohibitive for many individuals. Furthermore, there are numerous other services that can be added to the basic costs, including late registration, rescoring, and various answering services that are available. SAT grade reports cost $10.50 per college for 3–5 week delivery ($26.50 extra for 2-day delivery). The College Board allows high school administrators to authorize fee waivers for some services to students from low-income families, generally those meeting National School Lunch Act criteria.[13] In additio! n, due to the competitive nature of the test, many students find it necessary to take preparatory courses or to have SAT tutoring, which can cost hundreds, sometimes thousands, of dollars. Even the College Board's College Scholarship Service Profile (CSS), a college financial aid application meant to help students pay for college, requires a fee. For the 2008-09 school year, the price is $25 for the first report sent and an additional $16 for each additional college to receive the information. In 2006, the College Board had $582.9 million of revenue but spent only $527.8 million, leaving a $55.1 million surplus.[14] [edit] MIT study In 2005, MIT Writing Director Les Perelman plotted essay length versus essay score on the new SAT from released essays and found a high correlation between them. After studying 23 graded essays he found that the long
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