Selasa, 30 Oktober 2012

New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper founded and continuously published in New York City since 1851. The New York Times has won 108 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other news organization.[3][4] Its website is the most popular American newspaper website, receiving more than 30 million unique visitors per month.[5] Although the print version of the paper remains the largest local metropolitan newspaper in the United States, it is the third largest newspaper overall, behind The Wall Street Journal and USA Today, and its weekday circulation has fallen since 1990 (as have other newspapers) to fewer than one million copies daily.[6] Nicknamed "the Old Gray Lady",[7] and long regarded within the industry as a national "newspaper of record",[8] The New York Times is owned by The New York Times Company, which also publishes 18 other newspapers including the International Herald Tribune and The Boston Globe. The company's chair! man is Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., whose family has controlled the paper since 1896.[9] The paper's motto, printed in the upper left-hand corner of the front page, is "All the News That's Fit to Print." The New York Times website (NYTimes.com) has the motto "All the News That's Fit to Click," . [10] It is organized into sections: News, Opinions, Business, Arts, Science, Sports, Style, Home, and Features. The New York Times stayed with the eight-column format for several years after most papers switched to six columns, and it was one of the last newspapers to adopt color photography. Contents 1 History 1.1 New York Times v. Sullivan 1.2 The Pentagon Papers 1.3 Discrimination in employment 2 Ownership 2.1 Carlos Slim loan and investment 2.2 Dual-class shares 3 Content 3.1 Sections 3.2 Style 3.3 Reputation and awards 3.4 Web presence 3.5 Mobile presence 3.6 In Moscow 3.7 Reporter resources 3.8 Pricing 4 Missed print dates 5 Issues over coverage 5.1 Political persua! sion overall 5.2 On nations and ethnicities 5.2.1 Iraq War 5.2! .2 Israel coverage 5.2.3 World War II 6 Ethics incidents 6.1 Failure to report famine in Ukraine 6.2 Fashion news articles promoting advertisers 6.3 Plagiarism 6.4 Duke Lacrosse Case 6.5 Quotes out of context 7 Online activity 8 See also 9 References 10 External links [edit] History The Times Square Building, The New York Times' headquarters from 1913 to 2007 The New York Times was founded on September 18, 1851, by journalist and politician Henry Jarvis Raymond, who was then a Whig and who would later be the second chairman of the Republican National Committee, and former banker George Jones as the New-York Daily Times. Sold at an original price of one cent per copy, the inaugural edition attempted to address the various speculations on its purpose and positions that preceded its release:[11] We shall be Conservative, in all cases where we think Conservatism essential to the public good;—and we shall be Radical in everything which may seem to us to require radical treatme! nt and radical reform. We do not believe that everything in Society is either exactly right or exactly wrong;—what is good we desire to preserve and improve;—what is evil, to exterminate, or reform. The paper changed its name to The New York Times in 1857. The newspaper was originally published every day except Sunday, but on April 21, 1861, due to the demand for daily coverage of the Civil War, The New York Times, along with other major dailies, started publishing Sunday issues. One of the earliest public controversies in which the paper was involved was the Mortara Affair, an affair that was the object of 20 editorials in The New York Times alone.[12] The paper's influence grew during 1870–71, when it published a series of exposés of Boss Tweed that led to the end of the Tweed Ring's domination of New York's City Hall.[13] In the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned from supporting Republican candidates to becoming politically independent; in 1884, the paper supp! orted Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential election. Whi! le this move hurt The New York Times' readership, the paper regained most of its lost ground within a few years.[14] The New York Times was acquired by Adolph Ochs, publisher of the Chattanooga Times, in 1896. The following year, he coined the paper's slogan, "All The News That's Fit To Print";[14] this was a jab at competing papers such as Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal which were known for lurid yellow journalism. Under his guidance, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, and reputation. In 1904, The New York Times received the first on-the-spot wireless transmission from a naval battle, a report of the destruction of the Russian fleet at the Battle of Port Arthur in the Yellow Sea from the press-boat Haimun during the Russo-Japanese war. In 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began.[14] The New York Times' first trans-Atlantic delivery to London occurred in 1919. In 192! 0, a "4 A.M. Airplane Edition" was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening.[15] In the 1940s, the paper extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the fashion section in 1946. The New York Times began an international edition in 1946. The international edition stopped publishing in 1967, when The New York Times joined the owners of the New York Herald Tribune and The Washington Post to publish the International Herald Tribune in Paris. The paper bought a classical radio station (WQXR) in 1946.[16] In addition to owning WQXR, the newspaper also formerly owned its AM sister, WQEW (1560 AM).[17] The classical music radio format was simulcast on both frequencies until the early 1990s, when the big-band and standards music format of WNEW-AM (now WBBR) moved from 1130 AM to 1560. The AM radio station changed its call letters from WQXR to WQEW.[18] By the beginning of the 21st cent! ury, The New York Times was leasing WQEW to ABC Radio for its Radio Dis! ney format, which continues on 1560 AM. Disney became the owner of WQEW in 2007.[17] On July 14, 2009 it was announced that WQXR was to be sold to WNYC, who on October 8, 2009 moved the station to 105.9 FM and began to operate the station as a non-commercial.[19] The New York Times newsroom, 1942 A speech in the newsroom after announcement of Pulitzer Prize winners, 2009 The New York Times is third in national circulation, after USA Today and The Wall Street Journal. The newspaper is owned by The New York Times Company, in which descendants of Adolph Ochs, principally the Sulzberger family, maintain a dominant role. In 2009 article circulation dropped 7.3 percent to about 928,000; this is the first time since the 1980s that it has fallen under one million.[6]As of December 26, 2010 (2010 -12-26)[ref], the paper reported a circulation of 906,100 copies on weekdays and 1,356,800 copies on Sundays.[20] In the New York City metropolitan area, the paper costs $2.50 Monday t! hrough Saturday and $5 on Sunday. The New York Times has won 108 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper.[21] In 2009, The New York Times began production of local inserts in regions outside of the New York area. Beginning October 16, 2009, a two-page "Bay Area" insert was added to copies of the Northern California edition on Fridays and Sundays. The New York Times commenced production of a similar Friday and Sunday insert to the Chicago edition on November 20, 2009. The inserts consist of local news, policy, sports, and culture pieces, usually supported by local advertisements. In addition to its New York City headquarters, The New York Times has 10 news bureaus in New York State, 11 national news bureaus and 26 foreign news bureaus.[20] The New York Times reduced its page width to 12 inches (300 mm) from 13.5 inches (340 mm) on August 6, 2007, adopting the width that has become the U.S. newspaper industry standard.[22] Because of its steadily declining sa! les attributed to the rise of online alternative media and social media! , The New York Times has been going through a downsizing for several years, offering buyouts to workers and cutting expenses,[23] in common with a general trend among print newsmedia. The newspaper's first building was located at 113 Nassau Street in New York City. In 1854, it moved to 138 Nassau Street, and in 1858 it moved to 41 Park Row, making it the first newspaper in New York City housed in a building built specifically for its use.[24] The paper moved its headquarters to the Times Tower, located at1475 Broadway in 1904, in an area called Longacre Square, that was later renamed Times Square in honor of the newspaper. The top of the building -- now known as One Times Square -- is the site of the New Year's Eve tradition of lowering a lighted ball, that was started by the paper. The building is also notable for its electronic news ticker, where headlines crawled around the outside of the building. It is still in use,[when?] but is not operated by the New York Times. Aft! er nine years in its Times Square tower, the Times had an Annex built at 229 West 43rd Street. After several expansions, the 43rd Street building became the main headquarters of the New York Times in 1960 and the Times Tower on Broadway was sold the following year. It served as the New York Times main printing plant until 1997, when the newspaper opened a state-of-the-art printing plant in the College Point section of the borough of Queens. A decade later, The New York Times moved its newsroom and businesses headquarters from West 43rd Street to a gleaming new tower at 620 Eighth Avenue between West 40th and 41st Streets, in Manhattan -- directly across Eighth Avenue from the Port Authority Bus Terminal. . The new headquarters for the newspaper, known officially as The New York Times Building but unofficially called the

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